Power distribution on a PCB can come in a number of forms. The three most common methods are:
- Route power and ground.
- Use surface layer floods.
- Use internal planes.
After component positioning, you’ll need to look at power and ground distribution. With a two-layer board, your options are limited to individually routing power and ground, or using a polygon fill, also called a flood or pour.
For simple low-speed layouts, it’s common to route power just like any other signal. You’ll typically use a wider trace, which you can set manually, or with design rules. Drawing a polygon in the board shape, and giving it the same name as your power or ground signals may make the job easier. Keep in mind though, that you can end up with parts of a ground plane disconnected from the rest of the board. This is called an orphan. Some CAD error checks will spot such a problem and some won’t.
I made that mistake not long ago, as describe in this blog post.
If you have a four (or more) layer board, common practice is to designate one of the internal layers for ground, and one for power.
Doing so can leave more room for signal routing, can reduce EMI, and can leave a cleaner-looking, easier-to-debug board. It also reduces the chances of having orphan ground or power areas, as I warned against in the prior post.
Duane Benson
Chocolate layer cake with coconut frosting will not help with EMI